Article Retraction Policy

Frontiers in Biosciences  is committed to playing its part in maintaining the integrity of the scholarly record, therefore on occasion, it is necessary to retract articles. Articles may be retracted if:

1. There is a major scientific error that would invalidate the conclusions of the article, for
   an example where there is clear evidence that findings are unreliable, either as a result of
   misconduct (e.g. data fabrication) or honest error (e.g. miscalculation or experimental
   error).
   2. Where the findings have previously been published elsewhere without proper cross-
   referencing, permission or justification (i.e. cases of redundant publication).
   3. Where there are ethical issues such as plagiarism (appropriation of another person's ideas, processes, results, or words without giving appropriate credit including those obtained through confidential review of others' manuscripts) or inappropriate authorship (e.g., "guest" authorship; see COPE discussion document 'What constitutes authorship?').
   4. Where unethical research has been reported.
   5. Where payment is delayed even after giving a time frame from 60 Days.